David Golumbia.
The
Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 2016. (Available at
Powell’s and other
fine bookstores
near you.)
This small book – perhaps 35,000 words, almost a pamphlet –
places the Bitcoin bubble in political and economic context. The author,
Professor David Golumbia of Virginia Commonwealth University, is a former
software engineer and financier turned academic.
The Politics of Bitcoin is largely an overview of the marketing of Bitcoin
and similar cryptocurrencies which, Golumbia finds, is full of right-wing
conspiracism and financial flummery. Theories about the evils of central banking,
sometimes anti-semitic, and the evils of government regulation are rife. He
also points out that as money, so far Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies so
far are failures.
The book provides an introduction to Bitcoin
and blockchain for people unfamiliar with those, and the mainstream economic understand
of money, for people unfamiliar with that.
Money, by the usual economic
definition, is “a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a unit of account.”
Golumbia points out that Bitcoin is at most useful as a medium of exchange.
Even so, Bitcoin is only used in a few markets, mostly those for illegal goods
and services. Bitcoin is extremely volatile, and because of this is not useful as
a store of value and a unit of account; as with any volatile currency one has
to spend it quickly, lest its value be destroyed by the shifting market. So
far, the main success of Bitcoin is as medium for speculation. It has all the
problems of an unregulated currency, as well as a few unique to its technology.
It is a sign of the failure of the economic theory behind Bitcoin that it can
inflate and deflate rapidly. If the naïve economic ideas underlying the design
of Bitcoin were valid, it would be a rock-steady store of value.
He also points out that the
technology, by design, has a strong, perhaps insuperable, bias towards neoliberal
economic models, making regulation of an economy through banking and fiscal
policy difficult; an economy based on Bitcoin would be similar to a late 19th
century economy, enormously subject to fraud and boom and bust cycles – in
other words the abandoned economics in which all but the very wealthy suffer.
It is a useful book, gathering
all these arguments in one place. The extensive bibliography in particular is
valuable. If Professor Golumbia continues working on this subject, I would be
interested in seeing interviews with some of the original cryptocurrency
theorists, who are still, as far as I know, alive, as well some coverage of the
left-wing anarchist hopes for cryptocurrency. So far as I know those have been
exploded, but I think studying their failure would be worthwhile.
So, a worthwhile book. Four
stars.