The Israelites knew plague.
“Tzaarat,” whose diagnosis and management is described in Leviticus 13 and
mentioned in Deuteronomy 24:8, is
the name of a group of skin diseases, and is usually translated as
“leprosy” –
Hansen’s disease
– but it is not Hansen’s disease, which doesn’t seem to have actually been
present in Israel in biblical times.
Rabbinical teaching sees tzaarat as a physical manifestation of spiritual
failing, yet the Torah itself says nothing of this: tzaarat is the name for
a physical disease for which Leviticus 13:1-46 give a protocol for
diagnosis, treatment, and management. Leviticus 13:47-59 describes
identifying tzaarat in cloth. Deuteronomy 24:8 advises victims to follow
the instructions of the Levite healers. Perhaps the ancients thought that
skin and cloth rotted in similar ways, or perhaps tzaarat was caused by a
fungus which also affected fabric. Scientific medical commentators cannot
identify tzaarat; it may not be a currently active disease, or it may be so
rare as to be relegated to obscure papers and texts.
Leviticus 13 describes a protocol of isolation, examination, and monitoring
for tzaarat. (One commentator even gives a
flowchart
of the protocol.) In extreme cases, when the disease would not heal, the
victim was pronounced tame (טָמֵא, taw-MAY), unclean, and required
to isolate themselves until they healed.
What has this to do with modern Christians? The Old Testament recognizes
the existence of physical disease and the need for diagnosis and quarantine
as appropriate: god did not prevent disease. When modern Christians say
that god will protect them against COVID-19 and that there is no need for
precautions, distancing, or quarantine, they are adopting an unbiblical
stance. Deuteronomy advises victims to do the equivalent of following their
doctor’s orders. When Christians say that they do not need to do so because
god will protect them, or that quarantine is an infringement on their
rights, you can answer them that the Israelites knew plague, and that their
own laws told them to quarantine if necessary.